I know this was 5 years ago but did you figure out what the issue was? I have the same issue now...
06' 1500 CCSB 6.0 4x4...
The starter has been acting up and doesn't always start the truck on the first attempt. Figured I'd take care of that this week...
Sunday I start the truck and all is well. That same afternoon I disconnect the battery and remove the starter. Have it tested at the local Oreilly's for good measure....fails the test which I'm not surprised since it had been acting up. Order the new GM Genuine reman starter and the truck sits in the garage battery disconnected from Sunday evening until Wednesday evening when I install the new starter, connect the battery and go for it's first start.....well it cranks nice and healthy and the starter no longer cuts out...but the truck doesn't start.
I'm stumped - the theft light on the dash is not staying illuminated so don't think it's a security thing but it sure seems like it. When you key 'on' all the chimes, and normal noises like the fuel pump. I did try the theft lock reset just for good measure with no change in behavior.