According to Furrion support, the problem I'm having is specific to the newer 2021 Silverado 2500 (and likely other similar GM models) and their current adapter won't work for me. Apparently there was a change made on the GM side for newer models. That is why they are working on developing a new adapter specifically for newer models. Apparently a lot of prospective Furrion camera users are having the same issue due to the new PWM systems. They also told me that the ASA adapter won't work in my case. Incidentally I recently asked Furrion for an update on the new adapter and received a reply this morning (see attached).
Until they have a new adapter ready the only other option is to separate the running/marker light circuit (which also powers the cameras) and run them directly from the battery using an independent fused line with its own relay. It will likely also need to be independently switched because I'm not sure that the PWM voltage from the 7-pin truck/trailer connection with keep the relay latched (that's only my assumption based on what I've researched/read). It's a pretty basic circuit, just requires getting up under the TT, separating out the appropriate circuits and adding the necessary wiring, relay and likely a switch.
Down side is I will have to turn on the marker lights (and cameras running off those circuits) manually from wherever I mount the switch on the TT (and remember to turn them off when stored). Not a big deal but not optimal. I'm not sure what functionality I might lose with the truck besides the light check feature (never use it anyway).
I'm hoping that the side and rear marker lights (the circuits that power the cameras) are separate from the running lights in the brake/turn signal lights. If they are then I can separate only the marker light circuits I need (side and rear upper markers) and leave the running lights in the brake/turn signal lights hooked up to the 7-pin truck/trailer connection. This way the Truck will still see this load and not think there is something disconnected (if that's even an issue).
I'm guessing the new adapter will be plug and play like the current ones and maintain full functionality between the truck and trailer. I'm also guess it will be around the $80-$100 mark (on top of what I've already spent on the 3 camera system with 7 inch monitor). Separating the circuits would be considerably cheaper I'm guessing.
I think for now I might just crawl under the TT and investigate how I might/could separate the circuits and how much hassle it might be just to have an idea and wait another few weeks to see if Furrion comes out with something in the mean time.
To answer your other question, I don't know if this is specific to the Advanced Trailering Package or not (I never asked Furrion) but it is an interesting question. all I can say is that I have the ATP on my Silverado.