When my old non functioning starter was pulled off I checked out the seal very carefully and found it to be very well sealed - the dealer did try an overnight bake out procedure with this starter and it still would not work in very cold conditions. I think that the moisture was sealed in at the factory in Mexico and is causing the problem. If these style starters from Valeo, produced in Mexico have defective seals that allow moisture into the solenoid that would have produced many more failures and on some older trucks too - again, no data, just my guess. I also think that over time any moisture present in the affected starters does diffuse out at the high operation temperature of the starter when on a running engine for a longer time. I would bet that a southern truck with a potential defective starter due to sealed in moisture would not have a problem if driven for a while in the south and then came up north with the frigid conditions that we can have - again, just speculation. I would have loved to have pulled my defective starter apart to check for moisture or grease. My new starter of the same part number has performed flawlessly with many low temperature starts.
One owner had a bad ground cable that caused a no start condition - clean up and tighten the ground - start
Several owner have had high resistance in positive battery cable to the starter - change cable and - start
Some owner have had loose connections at the battery to cause a no start - tighten up and start
One owner had a defective battery - change battery - start
The dealer can run through these 4 items very quickly and then just put the new part number starter on and DONE and out the door in 4 hours - which is what I did - after the bake out procedure was tried with an overnight stay at the dealer ........... they just need to change the starter and I would have saved a trip to the dealer, the rental car (they paid), back to the dealer, pull the starter, wait 4 hours and then go home ............now happy.