In VA we don't have emissions testing, only safety. It's a separate sticker that goes in your windshield, done every year. It's really just a basic inspection for brake pad thickness, ball joints aren't failing, tires have enough tread, windshield wipers aren't torn, and all lights work and headlights aimed properly. There's a whole bunch of other inspectable criteria, but that's all the shop has to sign off on. Some shops are more thorough than others to try to generate business, but most just try to cover the basics and move on to the next car. The place I go it takes 10 minutes from pulling into the garage bay until I'm done. It costs $16, and you have to pay whether it passes or fails. If it fails you get a pink sticker in your window that says FAILED and you aren't supposed to drive it other than to/from a repair shop. I think the reinspection is free if you take it back where it was originally inspected. I feel like even though it's a inconvenience for me since I take care of my vehicle, I've seen plenty of vehicles failed and I'm glad they are being taken off the road until the basics are fixed.