So I watched the segment on diesel (starting at ~1hr 30 minutes in) until the end. Felt the need to comment.
Key points for diesels:
Higher viscosity leads to lower wear, 50 weight shows an improvement over 20 weight
Cleaner oil (less soot) leads to lower wear (add a bypass filter, and higher quality primary oil filtration).
Oil additives tested show no significant benefit or harm, but harm may exist for things like wet belts as additives are not subject to API compatibility tests.
They did not discuss fuel additive significance except in relevance to the Bosch CP4 pump which is stated to require fuel with higher lubricity than standard ultra-low sulfur diesel sold in the US.
My editorial on the data they presented:
It lacks meaningful context.
I'm left wanting more data, which these experts never seem to provide. Theory: the data exists but it's very underwhelming and wouldn't sell the sensationalist skew that leads to increased product consumption, including oil testing/analysis.
I was annoyed by closing statements like "this helps people make choices backed by data". Ok, well, no, it doesn't for me since higher viscosity is specifically contraindicated.
Example:
In discussing "Babymax" oil (0w20) this is specifically indicated for use by GM. 50 weight oil supposedly leads to less wear according to their chart which is explained by "For diesel-fueled engines, higher viscosity lubricants provide slightly better wear protection".
20 weight shows an average of ~2.2 "Log of Wear Metals Per 1k miles LS Means" against operating grade, and 50 weight shows a mean of ~1.8 "".
What does 1.8 versus 2.2 actually mean? How many more miles, hours, smiles, dollars, rainbows, wishes, or gold stars does this provide in terms of longevity or benefit, where lower wear theoretically means more longevity?
Analogy: If my doctor tells me that consuming 100mg less sodium per day, when I'm well within "healthy" limits for sodium intake, translates to 1 fewer diastolic mm/Hg blood pressure, does it actually matter even though the numbers are statistically significant?
Meanwhile, exercise in a daily routine lowers blood pressure even more, and the effect of limiting sodium consumption is virtually invisible in people who exercise regularly. This might translate to "driving style" or "exhaust gas temperatures". But sodium, just look at the data! Meanwhile if idle hours are significantly reduced in a diesel or lower gearing is used to keep EGT lower at cruising speeds under load, maybe 1.8 unicorn poops versus 2.2 really means absolutely nothing...
Help me understand? How do relatively many pickup truck owners reach 1M miles using conventional oils, brand agnostic, of manufacturer-prescribed weights?